Analisis Struktur Persaingan UMKM Kota Padang dan Implikasi Strategi Pemerintah Tahun 2024: Pendekatan Lima Kekuatan Porter

Abstract

This research analyzes the competitive structure of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) industry in Padang City and evaluates the impact of the government's 2024 enhancement strategy on this structure, using the Porter's Five Forces framework. The MSME sector in Padang, comprising over 47,692 fostered enterprises, faces intense rivalry and profitability challenges. The 2024 government intervention, "UMKM Naik Kelas," aims to improve this landscape through digitalization targets (12,000 MSMEs), new entrepreneurial incubation (3,219 new ventures in 2024), and subsidy programs. This study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology. Data was collected through document analysis of the 2024 government strategy and [in-depth interviews/FGDs] with key industry actors (MSME owners, suppliers, academics, and government agencies). The analysis assesses the intensity of the five forces: Threat of New Entrants, Bargaining Power of Buyers, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, Threat of Substitute Products, and Rivalry Among Existing Competitors. The findings indicate that the Padang MSME market (especially in culinary and crafts) is characterized by [Misal: high rivalry, high threat of new entrants, and high buyer power, making long-term profitability difficult]. This study evaluates how the government's 2024 strategy (e.g., digitalization training, "UMKM Champion" program) acts as a variable that shifts these forces, partially [Misal: intensifying rivalry by adding new entrants but also reducing buyer power through digital branding]. Strategic recommendations are proposed for policymakers to formulate interventions that more effectively reduce competitive pressures rather than merely increasing the number of competitors.